22 photos; 8:02 video
Leo had a crush on Tad, it was as simple as that. Leo had also been off his meds for about three weeks. He was usually able to keep his fantasies, most of which involved helpless men bound and gagged, separate from his boring everyday reality. But for the last week, the fantasies had started becoming stronger, so strong that for poor Leo they WERE reality. Luckily for Leo, Tad was best buds with his cousin Joey, and often worked out in Joey's makeshift basement gym. Leo climbed the steps down to the basement, and was delighted to see the object of his obsession lying prone on the weight bench with his hunky bare chest exposed.
Doing barbell reps, Tad grunted when he saw Leo.
"What the hell are you doing here, jerkoff?" Tad always had been a little mean, but Leo didn't care.
"I thought maybe I could spot you," Leo replied meekly.
"Spot this!", Tad replied, tossing one of the barbells towards Leo. Leo ducked, and the barbell clunked heavily onto the basement floor. Tad snickered cruelly, and sat up on the weight bench. Leo picked up the barbell and walked towards Tad, whose back was turned to him. CLUNK! Leo just barely swung the heavy weight against the back of Tad's neck, but it was enough to XXXX the stud out.
Tad fell back onto the weight bench, and Leo took out some of the rope he had brought with him. He quickly pulled Tad's arms above his head and roped his wrists together tightly, fastening the ends of the ropes to the legs of the weight bench. He stepped down to the end of the bench and tied Tad's ankles to it.
Then he sat down and watched the XXXX hunk. After about half an hour, Tad began to groan as he slowly came to.
"Oh...my...he....what the fuck??" He had suddenly felt the bindings holding him down to the bench.
Leo smiled and stood up, taking out his gagging material from his kXXXXsack.
By now, Tad was raging and cursing up a storm as he struggled to free himself.
Leo furled a red bandanna and stood over his prone cousin, who began shaking his head wildly in a vain attempt to avoid being gagged. Leo pulled the cloth taut into Tad's mouth and knotted it off, as Tad cursed and mumbled non-stop. Then Leo took out his roll of duct tape and plastered several strips over Tad's mouth and chin. By now, Tad couldn't form any words, but his muffled grunts were loud and abusive. Finally, Leo unfolded a thick white cloth and tied it over the cleave and tape gag, covering Tad's face from his nose to his chin. Leo was so turned on he couldn't believe it. Tad looked so handsome gagged and helpless.
But Tad wasn't in the least bit happy and continued to growl and grunt loudly. Leo tried to cajole him, but his words had no effect. He decided that Tad needed some convincing, and he took out a long rope and threw it up so that it looped around the pipes that ran along the basement ceiling. Taking the two ends in his hand, he pulled down Tad's sweats and quickly fastened the ends around Tad's ball sac, pulling a nice slip knot over his package so that it was just tense enough to keep Tad's 'nads slightly suspended from his groin.
Leo was having so much fun...Tad's eyes bulged as Leo played with the rope, giving it soft tugs so that Tad moaned piteously through the thick gag, begging for release. After an hour or so, Leo tired of the game and reached into his bag for the small can of ether he'd bought on the Internet. He doused a rag with a small amount and pressed it down over Tad's face. Tad struggled wildly, but in ten seconds he was out cold. Leo quickly unfastened him from the bench and flipped him onto his stomach. He bound his victim much more elaborately this time, and pulled off his sweat pants, exposing his round, virgin butt. With a few slaps to his butt, poor Tad revived at the mercy of his deranged attacker. He knew then that this night would give new meaning to the word "workout".
The End
Tad played by Mitch
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 12/28/2007
TAgs: agging, nude, butt, dick tied, cleave gag, tape gag, bad guy, groped, dominated, shirtless
16 photos; 8:06 video
Model: Gabriel
Model: Diego
Photography by Marco
Date of Production: 08/13/2022
Tags: OTM gag, double, butt, hands behind back, shirtless, underwear
20 photos; 3:12 video
Guest played by Brian
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 02/10/2023
Tags: socks, otter, tape gag, bad guy, groped, gagged
20 photos; 4:03 video
Model: Cody Jonson
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 08/28/2022
Tags: twink, gagging, hand gag, tape gag, socks, hog tie, suit
20 photos; 5:22 video
Ted was tired and wanted to go home. It had been along flight here. But the
requirements of his great aunt Martha’s will had said he had to be at the reading in
person. At least they had a nice hotel. Ted’s boyfriend Frank had insisted on that just as
he had insisted on coming along.
Ted had stepped out to get some food for Frank and himself. He took the elevator back
up tot the twelfth floor and walked into the room..
..To See Frank bound to a chair and gagged with black tape in the corner!
“What the hell?”, Ted gasped.
“Mmmmmpphhh!”, Frank tried ot warn Ted through the tight tape gag but it was too late.
The door behind Ted slammed shit.
“Hey Ted , long time so see.”, Ted’s twin brother Tommy said, a concealed item in his hand.
Ted hadn't seen his crazy twin brother for years. Every body had presumed he had died
in South America. But there he was, concealed item in one hand and coils of rope in the other.
Ted didn’t have time to ask any of the thousand questions running through his head. He
was roughly grabbed, his hands tied tightly together behind his back. Ted was laid on
top of the dresser. And hog tied.
Tommy smiled as his brother struggled in vain to get free.
“Just like old times, huh Teddy! Remember when I used ot tie you up and leave you and
everybody would forget about you! That was fun. And this guy “Tommy sat on the bound
and gagged Frank’s lap, eliciting an angry grunt from the helpless hostage. “We’ve been
having so much fun. He’s a little cutie!”
Tommy pulled out a bandanna and used it to blind fold Frank. Ted didn’t appreciate the
liberties Tommy’s hands took with his boyfriend’s helpless body . But tied up himself,
could do nothing about it.
“What do you want from us?” Ted asked.
“Why isn’t it obvious? To pay my respects to Aunt Martha. Unfortunately she wrote me
out of her will for some reason..”
You stole her prize cocker spaniel and sold it to a lab for XXXX money! And then
you..Mmmppphh!”, Ted was cut off as tape was applied ot his mouth, gagging him into
silence’
“Whatever. No sense living in the past. Not when there’s a few million with my name on
it. I mean ..Your name.”
Tommy’s evil plan was pretty obvious: take Ted’s place and claim the money for himself.
“Well you two take care. I think I’ll swing back around, spend some quality time with
your boy toy. “
“MMMPPHH!” Ted grunted.
“Oh don’t worry. I’ll let you watch! Hahahahahaha!”
Desperately both men began to struggle, hoping against hope they could free
themselves in time to stop Ted’s evil twin.
The End
Ted/Tommy played by JMZ
Frank played by Cliff
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production:05/25/2012
Tags: double, chair tied, blindfold, tape gag, hog tie, socks, story
19 photos; 2:10 video
The Nosy Detective played by Dylan
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production:03/03/2017
Tags: cleave gag, hand gagged, bad guy, gagged, tape gag
22 photos; 4:56 video
Model: Remy
Photography by Caitiff
DAte of Production: 03/24/2017
TAgs: twink, socks, cleave gag, hands behind back, jeans
39 photos; 6:27 video
The Apartment Seeker played by Marko
The Evil Landlord played by Sammy
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 07/15/2017
tags: plot, stripped, XXXX out, twink, nude, hopping, cleave gag, gagged, tatoos, bad guy
20 photos; 4:29 video
Model: Rex
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 03/01/2023
Tags: bear, cleave gag, socks, hands behind back, beard
19 photos; 4:27 video
Model: Jean LeFaun
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 02/24/2023
Tags: socks, cleave gag, suit, hog tie
23 photos; 6:02 video
Model: Holden Cox
Model: JD
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 10/11/2022
Tags: tape gag, double, socks, bad guy, dominated
23 photos; 3:57 video
“MMMPPPHHH”! Damn this gag is tight. I can’t seem to make even the simplest words audible. These ropes are tight, where did this guy learn to tie a knot? I am such an idiot, I knew better than to trust this guy. I didn’t realize the lengths he’d go to, to get what he wanted. Gary had been a friend a mine for years, we played on the same team all through the latter part of grade school and high school. He was a soccer star in the making and I always envied his talent. As time went by I realized I as pretty good myself, and after kicking the winning goal in the state championship I had become the golden boy. Colleges from all across the country came to see me play, and before long they were talking scholarship.
Gary took all my new small town fame in stride; in fact it seemed to drive him to play harder. We became quick rivals and we pushed each other to do our best. Our coach gave us the news on Friday. The sports rep from the biggest sports program in the country was coming to see us play on Saturday. Unfortunately the school had one scholarship for their new soccer program and it was between Gary and me. We walked out of coaches’ office completely dumfounded. We spoke outside for a while and agreed that who ever earned the scholarship deserved it with no hard feelings. Gary took the extra step in good sportsmanship to invite me over his house the next day to warm up for the game.
We spent the next morning gearing up for the game. The morning was hot and we knew the weather at the game was going to be brutal. We decided after running a few plays we should cool off inside and re hydrate. We made our way down to his family room and decided to decompress. I took off my sweaty shirt, and took off my shoes to let my aching feet get some air. I drifted off into a deep XXXX and enjoyed the cool caress of the air over my sweaty aching muscles.
In the middle of my sweet XXXX I was awoken by the harsh smell of chemicals rushing through my nose. I briefly caught a glimpse of Gary standing over me his hand pressed hard over my face. The light around me slowly turned black, and I was quickly XXXX.
I slowly opened my eyes and for a moment thought it had all been a bad dream. As my mind came into focus I realized my wrists were bound tightly behind my back. A bandana had been placed between my teeth and tied hard behind my head. My sweaty feet and ankles had been trussed tightly and I had been placed in an inescapable hogtie. What the hell happened?
Several minutes passed before my mind became clear enough for me to process the situation. I had been XXXX and trussed up like a Thanksgiving turkey to keep me from competing with that asshole. I can’t believe he would go this far.
I screamed till my throat became hoarse and scratchy. The gag securely kept my words from escaping my mouth. My spit soaked the tight gag that silenced me. My cheeks and jaw ached from this cloth that silenced me. I tried to loosen the ropes with every turn and jerk of my bound body. My binds dug into my skin with every pull and tug. My sweaty feet soaked my socks making things even more humiliating than I thought possible. A realization came over me, I had placed my phone on the bed next to me before dozing off and realized Gary had not noticed it. I inched my way up to the edge of the bed and struggled to get my nose to push the right buttons.
“Hello”, he said. It was my coach. “Ted is this you?” “Where the hell have you been?” “Gary got the scholarship genius; I hope skipping out today was worth it.” “MMMMMMPPPPPPHHHH”, I screamed. “MMMMTIEMMMUUPMMMMHELMME!” With a swift click of a button he was gone. I lay there defeated. After a while I managed to get free and call the cops. Gary confessed to everything. I managed to secure a scholarship to another school and Gary secured the next ten years to prison.
The End
Model: Matt
Gary played by Rod
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 04/10/2009
Tags: shirtless, muscle, tape gag, socks, athletic socks, cleave gag, bad guy, knocked out
32 photos; 4:25 video
Doug owed me a lot of money. It had started doff small but after a loan here and a loan there, it was piling up. Finally I told Doug to pay up.
“Sorry Dude. I would if I could but I don’t have it.”
He was lying, of course. Doug was hardly starving and lived in a nice apartment. He had money. But he was too much of a mooch to ever give any of it away.
But I had a plan. I just needed an opportunity.
It came a few weeks ago.
Doug wasn't’ just a mooch, he was a braggart and couldn’t pass up a bet. I came over to watch a movie. It was some crappy flick but it had the hero tied up and trying to escape. I made a side comment about hard it would be to get out of that.
“Aw shit. I could.”, Doug said, full of himself. He had never been tied up before a day in his life.
“Really? I don’t think you could.”
With tiresome predictability, Doug rose to the challenge. “Get some rope! I’ll prove it.”
I acted as if I didn’t want to do it but inside I was smiling. I already just happened to have rope. I also had experience a s a boy scout. Doug was so fucked and didn’t even know it yet.
I tied Doug’s hands behind his back with a simple but effective tie. I then taped his mouth shut but frankly I had had enough of his mouth. Besides, this would be easier if Doug couldn’t ask questions.
Doug began to struggle immediately, twisting and turning to get out. This bugged me as I was no where near done. When I tied up a guy, I didn't stop at his hands.
I didn't’ even ask Doug but just XXXX him over so I could get to his ankles. I quickly had his feet bound.
“Mmm!”, Doug moaned as he lay on the floor rolling in his bondage. He thought he was done now. But I only paused to get more rope. Doug still had too much movement, as proven by the fact he could still roll around.
I got more rope and grabbed Doug. He was getting angry now, realising that despite his best efforts, he was not getting any closer to free.
“Mmmmmphh!”, Doug grunted as I hog tied his cute but dumb ass. Doug was getting frustrated now. Finally he was beginning to understand that he his mouth had write a check his escape skills wasn’t able to cash. Now his mouth was gagged and he wouldn’t be getting out of this anytime soon.
Now satisfied that Doug was really bound and not going anywhere, I wandered off to try to find something he could pay me back with.
I could hear Doug continuing to struggle in the back ground and knew I had the run of his apartment. It took me a good while but eventually I found a huge wad of cash under his mattress of all places. I only missed it before because it had seemed way to obvious.
I secreted only the money that was owed to me and put the rest back before I wandered to check up on my loud mouthed captive. Still struggling, Doug had sweat streaming down his face. He was defeated and he knew it. He would only get out of of this if I let him out.
I stared at Doug’s cute ass as it wiggled and tightened in struggle.
Doug owed me some interest, I decided. Maybe not in money. But I was sure I could think of something. Doug wasn’t getting loose. I had all day to watch my cute little mooch struggle to think of some kind of extra payment.
The End
Doug played by Mike
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production;05/19/2010
TAgs: Tape gag, hog tie, sneakers
20 photos; 4:49 video
Model: Dylan
Photography by Nick007
Date of Production 2/27/2015
Tags: OTM gag, sneakers, hopping, hands behind back
27 photos; 5:18 video
Cont'd from "Worked Over" I couldn't’ believe I was doing this. My heart raced as I went up the stairs to apartment 4A. Too late now I thought. And I really did want to go to Maui. All I had to do was this one little job. When my co -worker Jake suggested taking out the competition for the company olympics, I had thought him joking. But he wasn’t and slowly he had won me over by promising I could go with him if he won the grand prize: a week in Maui at a five star hotel! Surely that was worth a little takening? I donned the mask Jake had given me and took out my credit card. A few years of misspent youth had taught me how to jimmy a lock and this one was simple. My target was grunting rhythmically in his living room, his back to me. He was lifting weights, probably getting pumped for tomorrow. The guy was hard core abbot work outs. I had never seen anyone who exercised in a jock strap at home before. No wonder his ass always looked so good at the office. I had nothing personal against Zach. I barely knew the guy since he worked in accounting and I worked in sales. So I decided to make this as painless as possible. I took out the chemical soaked rag I had been given and with one motion covered Zach’s mouth and nose. “Mmmmpphh!”, Zach grunted in surprise at the rag that now covered his face. He struggled for a few seconds but soon the chemical began to do it’s dirty work. Zach went down to the floor, XXXX. Sigh. Zach really did have a beautiful ass. I XXXX myself to focus. Nice ass or not, it was time to tie it up nice and tight. I sat him back in the work out bench and tied his hands behind his back. I had been a boy scout and this was easy as pie for me. “Ohhh, what happ...mmmm!” Zach’s question was cut off by my hand over his mouth. Couldn't’ have him bothering his neighbours. I took ok a roll of tape I had brought just for this purpose and tore off a strip. I slapped it over Zach’s mouth. Now he would stay nice and quiet. “Mmmmmm!?”Zach struggled against the bonds but his hands were tied too tight. Still I worried he wasn't’ quite tied up enough. He needed to stay bound and gagged all night and into tomorrow. Playing the “dangerous burglar” that I was supposed to be, I XXXX Zach up off the chair and back down on his stomach onto the work bench. I figured maybe he would be more comfortable lying down. But Zach did not appreciate my concern for his comfort at all. Worse that ass of his was right there, tempting me, wiggling in that very hard to resist way as he struggled all bound and helpless. The things I could do to that beautiful behind while Zach was tied up and unable to resist.. DAMN IT! FOCUS! No, I would have to do this the conventional way. I took Zach up again, repositioned the bench and sat Zach’s lovely behind onto it. I then tied his feet and used even more rope around his broad chest to secure him to his seat. Zach glared at me for his mistreatment. Little did he know he know how he barely missed being even more mistreated. I even put a dumb bell over Zach's rather impressive looking package, just to diminish temptation. Though from the look on his face, he might have thought I was threatening his testicles if he failed to cooperate. Satisfied my hostage would not be getting away or making a sound, I then sat down on his couch, keeping my hostage in view. The plan was to keep Zach out of the way until tomorrow morning and then leave, letting him think this was a robbery. I glanced at Zach as he struggled and moaned, giving me angry glances with those cute blue puppy dog eyes, seeing every muscle on his sexy frame fight and tense against the ropes. This was going to be along night for both of us. The End Zach played by Chad Photography by Caitiff Date of Production:02/22/2012
23 photos; 6:34 video
Model: Jaxton Blue
Phoography By Caitiff
Date of production: 12/05/2022
Tags: tape gagged, shirtless, twink, socks, underwear, dominated
20 photos; 7:10 video
Model played by Dusty Forest
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 08/12/2022
Tags: stuff gag, shirtless, bad guy, dominated, socks, hands behind back, underwear
30 photos; 5:02 video
Cop played by Troy
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 08/21/2022
Tags: cop, police, uniform, muscle, rope gag, cock tie, fondled, bad guy, cbt, bald
30 photos; 4:06 video
Billy couldn't believe the situation he found himself in. The last thing he remembered clearly was arriving at the locker room to warm up before the soccer game. He'd arrived early to warm up, and none of his other teammates were in the weight room. He'd started doing some arm curls to pump up his biceps, when suddenly a dark shadow had fallen over him from behind. Before he could even turn around, a strong hand had pressed a damp cloth over his mouth and nose. Struggling violently, he dropped the barbell, but the hand pressed down relentlessly and the strong fumes filled his nose. He tried not to breathe, but with the cloth covering his mouth, he had no choice. A few whiffs of the strange fumes, and he was out cold.
His head was clearing now, and all he wanted to do was rub it with his hands. But he immediately realized he couldn't move his hands...they were pinned behind his back. His mouth was dry, and he felt that it was stuffed with a large cloth. He grunted in panic as he opened his eyes to see nothing....he was blindfolded too! And then he felt the sensation of movement. He realized he was lying in the back of a moving vehicle. After about 10 minutes, the movement stopped, and Billy heard the metallic sound of doors opening behind him. A pair of strong arms grabbed him and pulled him forward. As his feet hit the ground, he realized that his sneakers and shirt were missing. He was wearing only his soccer shorts and long socks, with his shinguards inserted.
Before he could process his situation, he was pulled forward roughly. The man didn't say a word as he was pulled through a doorway. Billy heard a door shut, and then he was pushed roughly down onto the floor. He heard the door open and shut again, and he knew he was alone. Hands tied, gagged, blindfolded, he began to struggle wildly. He twisted his wrists in the tight ropes while rubbing his face along the floor at the same time. If only he could get the blindfold or gag off. Finally, he felt the cloth tied around his eyes start to shift. With a little more struggle, it slid up his face, and he got the first look at his prison, which was a nondescript room.
Before he could do anything, however, the door opened and the man was towering over him, wearing a ski mask and holding more rope in his hands. Again without speaking, he squatted down and grabbed Billy's feet, wrapping a long rope around and between his ankles. Billy squawked into his gag as the rope was pulled taut and knotted. The masked man took another length of white rope and would it around the bindings on Billy's ankles, then folded his legs back and tied the other end to the ropes around his wrists. He picked up the cloth that had been Billy's blindfold, and tied it over his mouth as an additional gag. Then he stood up, looked down at Billy for a few seconds, and left.
Billy began struggling again, but the additional restraints made it hopeless. All the while, he kept wondering why he had been taken. His family wasn't rich. About the only thing Billy had going for him was his skill on the soccer field, for which he had won a scholarship. The cloths covering his mouth made breathing difficult, and Billy was lying still trying to catch his breath as he suddenly heard his captor's voice from the other side of the door.
"Yeah, I got him..yeah. In the next room. Yeah, he's gagged, no worries. I'm just waiting for the shipping crate to arrive. Yeah, OK."
Shipping crate???!!!!
MMMMMMMMMMMPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPHHHHHHHHHHH!!!
The End
Billy played by Van
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 08/15/2008
Tags: twink, OTM gag, socks, rugby, hog tie, shirtless
33 photos; 4:26 video
Model: Rawy
Model: Derek
Model: JMZ
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production:09/22/2012
tags: triple, multiple, cleave gag, socks, hog tie
22 photos; 4:26 video
Model: Dean
Date of Production: 07/06/2015
tags: tape gag, blindfold, chair tied, jeans, bear
24 photos; 6:14 video
Model : Adam
Photography Caitiff
Date of Production: 09/02/2017
Tags: ball gag, bare feet, butt, nude, nudity, groped, twink
25 photos; 3:41 video
Model: Cody Jonson
Photography by Caitiff
Date of production: 01/20/2023
Tags: tape gag, twink, socks, taped up
20 photos; 4:18 video
Prep played by Yeshua
Photography by Caitiff
Date of production: 01/15/2023
Tags: ball gag, socks, hog tie
25 photos; 5:07 video
Model:Adrien Fowler
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 03/01/2025
Tags: nude, twink, hog tie, bare foot, nudity, dick tie, cleave gag, grope, fondle, tattoos
30 photos; 5:40 video
Model: Holden Cox
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 03/05/2025
Tags: cleave gag, twink, socks, office, tape gag, taped up
20 photos; 3:11 video
Model: Liam Starr
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 03/11/2025
Tags: twink, cleave gag, underwear, socks, shirtless, hog tie
20 photos; 3:23 video
He's never been tied up before.
Bondage Newbie: Justin Johns
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 04/09/2025
Tags: hog tie, cleave gag, socks
30 photos; 2:50 video
Stick Around
Christopher Rotten had a reputation for getting a story. Running his own website where he vowed to tell the truth, no matter how salacious it may be and no matter how much it may offend someone. There wasn't anything he wouldn't do to get to the bottom of a juicy story.
Because of this, Christopher's reputation surpassed him and one day, Christopher found himself coming home to an unwanted guest. As Christopher eyed the man with suspicion and an unwise amount of disdain, the man dragged Christopher into the house.
Christopher had struggled in the man's grip and soon was tackled to the ground. Christopher tried reasoning with the man but it was to no avail. The man grew tired of Christopher's resistance and proceeded tie and gag Christopher tightly.
As Christopher tried to free himself, the man checked his whole house from top to bottom. Finding all of Christopher's files, the man destroyed them with efficiency, including any potential back up files that had been lying around.
A confused Christopher continued to struggle to free himself but the man had done such a great job in keeping him bound. The man admires Christopher's attempts to free himself before coldly telling Christopher why he was bound and gagged.
Christopher had no choice but to listen to the man telling him some harsh truths about his brutal methods for getting stories and the lives that Christopher had ruined through his website. Christopher tried to justify his actions but the man doesn't allow him to.
Christopher's left with a stern warning to keep his nose out of business that doesn't concern him or the next visit won't be pleasant.
The End
Bound Guy played by Christopher Rotten
Bad Guy played by Adrien Fowler
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 04/08/2025
Tags: bad guy, grabbed, hand gag, gagging, cleave gag, suit, plot, hog tie, socks, story
21 photos; 6:38 video
Worker played by Matheus
Photography by Marco Grieco
See More Here.
Date of Production: 02/28/2021
Tags: bear, outside, strip, underwear
25 photos; 3:36 video
Gagged Guy played by Leo Nein
Photography by Caitiff
Date of Production: 04/01/2025
Tags: gagging, chair tie, bad guy, stuff gag, cleave gag, tape gag, hand gag, socks, dominated
17 photos; 4:59 video
Worker played by Diego
Photography by Marco Grieco
See More Here
Date of Production: 07/13/2022
Tags: OTM, boots, hog tie, outdoors, exposed